I. GROSS ANATOMY: Learn to recognize and identify the following structures on plastic models, torsos and preserved specimen available in the lab.
     A. Pituitary gland in sella turcica
     B. Pineal gland; hormone: melatonin
     C. Thyroid gland
     D. Parathyroid glands; hormone: parathyroid hormone (PTH)
     E. Pancreas
     F. Adrenal glands
     G. Ovaries and Testes
 
II. HISTOLOGY: Learn to recognize and identify the following structures in microscopic view, and give a  function or product where applicable
     A. Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
         1.  Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis): cells appear dense, cytoplasm staining darkly
              a. Gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
              b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
              c. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
              d. Growth Hormone (GH)
              e. Prolactin (PRL)
         2.  Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis): cells are few, overall appearance is fibrous, lightly
              stained
              a. Oxytocin
              b. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

     B. Thyroid gland: follicles containing thyroglobulin (aka colloid)
         1. Thyroid hormone: T₄ (thyroxine) and T₃ (triiodothyronine)
         2. Calcitonin (aka thyrocalcitonin)

    C. Pancreas
        1. Acini--darkly stained pyramid-shaped cells arranged 5-8 cells with tip of pyramid pointing
            toward central duct,  base of pyramid to outside; this is the exocrine portion of the
            pancreas.
        2. Islets--isolated clusters of cells; cytoplasm doesn't stain well, nuclei stand out; this is the
            endocrine portion of the pancreas.
            a. Insulin
            b. Glucagon

    D. Adrenal gland: Look at the slide first without the microscope by holding it up to the light or
        by placing the slide on a white sheet of paper.  Notice a difference in color shading between
        the outer rim and an inner strip of tissue. The outer rim is the cortex.  The inner strip is the
        medulla.  Place the slide on the scanning lens and re-examine for the cortex and medulla.
       1. Cortex
           a. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
           b. Glucocorticoids
           c. Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)
       2. Medulla
           a. Epinephrine
           b. Norepinephrine
 
    E. Ovary
        1. Primordial follicles at or near outer surface of ovary
        2. Primary follicles containing primary oocytes surrounded by cuboidal cells
        3. Secondary follicles containing secondary oocyte and first sign of antrum
        4. Graafian (or vesicular) follicle
        5. "Ovum" with corona radiata and zona pellucida
        6. Hormones
            a. Estrogen
            b. Progesterone
            c. Inhibin
            d. Relaxin

   F. Testes
        1. Seminiferous tubules (cross-section): round or oval structures with lumen
        2. Germinal epithelium with spermatogonia at periphery of seminiferous tubules
        3. Interstitial cells
        4. Spermatids near or in lumen
        5. Hormones
            a. Testosterone
            b. Inhibin

FOR THE LAB PRACTICAL, BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE ANY OF THE ABOVE ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH THEM, EITHER IN GROSS PRESENTATION OR MICROSCOPIC PRESENTATION.  BE ABLE TO NAME A PRODUCT OF A PARTICULAR PART OF A GLAND OR A FUNCTION OF A PARTICULAR STRUCTURE IN THE GLAND.