Ch 3 Socialization – Key terms

agents of socialization: people or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life (p. 68)

anticipatory socialization: because on anticipates a future role, one learns parts of it now (p. 69)

degradation ceremony: a term coined by Harold Garfinkel to describe an attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place (p. 71)

ego: Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society (p. 62)

gender socialization: the ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female (p. 65)

generalized other: the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people "in general"; the child's ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self (p. 60)

I: Mead's term for the self as subject, the active, spontaneous, creative part of the self (p. 61)

id: Freud's term for the individual's inborn basic drives (p. 62)

life course: the stages of our life as we go from birth to death (p. 71)

looking-glass self: a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing other's reactions to us (p. 59)

mass media: forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, movies,. and television that are directed to mass audiences (p. 66)

peer group: a group of individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests (p. 65)

0resocialization: the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors (p. 71)

self: the unique to human capacity of being able to see ourselves "from the outside"; the picture we gain of how others see us (p. 60)

significant other: an individual who significantly influences someone else's life (p. 60)

social environment: the entire human environment, including direct contact with others (p. 56)

socialization: the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group-the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and actions thought appropriate for them (p. 59)

superego: Freud's term for the conscience, the internalized norms and values of our social groups (p. 62)

taking the role of the other: putting oneself in someone else's shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks and thus anticipating how that person will act (p. 60)

total institution: a place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place (p. 71)