Ch 15 Social Chang, etc. Key Terms

acid rain: rain that contains sulfuric and nitric acid; the result of burning fossil fuels that release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that become sulfuric and nitric acid when they react with the moisture in the air (p.423)

alternative social movement: a social movement that seeks to alter only specific aspects of people's behavior (p.415)

corporate welfare: the gifts or financial incentives (tax breaks, subsidies, and even lands and stadiums) given to corporations in order to attract them to an area or induce them to remain in an area (p.423)

cultural lag: William Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations (p.411)

dialectical process: a view of history and power in which each arrangement, or thesis, contains contradictions, or antitheses, which must be resolved; the new arrangement, or synthesis, contains its own contradictions; and so on (p.410)

diffusion: the spread of an invention or discovery from one area to another; identified by William Ogburn as a major process of social change (p.410)

discovery: a new way of seeing reality; identified by William Ogburn as a major process of social change (p410)

ecosabotage: actions taken to sabotage the efforts of people thought to be legally harming the environment (p.426)

environmental injustice: the greater impact of pollution on the poor and racial minorities (p.424)

environmental sociology: a sub discipline of sociology that examines how human activities affect the physical environment and how the physical environment affects human activities (p.426)

global warming: an increase in the earth's temperature due to the greenhouse effect (p.424)

greenhouse effect: the buildup of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere that allows light to enter but inhibits the release of heat; believed to cause global warming (p.424)

invention: a combination of existing elements and materials to form new ones; identified by William Ogburn as a major process of social change (p.4l0)

modernization: the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies (p.407)

postmodern society: another term for postindustrial society; a chief characteristic is the use of tools that extend human abilities to gather and analyze information, to communicate, and to travel (p.4ll)

proactive social movement: a social movement that promotes some social change (p.415)

propaganda: in its broad sense, the presentation of information in an attempt to influence people; in its narrow sense, one-sided information used to try to influence people (p.4I7)

public opinion: how people think about some issue (p.4I7)

reactive social movement: a social movement that reacts to and resists some social change (p.415)

redemptive social movement: a social movement that seeks to change people totally (p.415)

reformative social movement: a social movement that seeks to reform some specific aspect of society (p.415)

social change: the alteration of culture and societies over time (p.4O6)

social movement: a group of people who are organized to promote or resist social change (p.415)

social movement organization: an organization developed to further the goals of a social movement (p.415)

sustainable environment: a world system that takes into accounts the limits of the environment; produces enough material goods for everyone's needs, and leave a heritage of a sound environment to the next generation (p.422)

technology: in its narrow sense, tools; in its broader sense, the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools (p.422)

transformative social movement: a social movement that seeks to change society totally p.416)

transnational social movement: social movements with an emphasis on a global condition, instead of a condition on a specific country; also known as a new social movement (p.416)